AKT1 and glioblastoma: Several natural compounds have been found to induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of glioma, including rosmarinic acid (RA) (24), matrine (25), xanthatin (26), and Polyphyllin VII (PP7) (27), etc. RA, a natural compound primarily found in the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis, has demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting proliferation, invasion, and inducing apoptosis of GBM cells through the PI3K/Akt/NF−κB pathway (24).