Although PAI-1 mediated protection was unexpected based on our hypothesis and evaluation of the literature, protective functions of PAI-1 in bacterial infections have been previously reported (Renckens et al., 2007; Goolaerts et al., 2011; Kager et al., 2011; Lim et al., 2011; Luo et al., 2011). The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.