SERPINE1 and Sepsis: In sepsis, circulating levels of PAI-1 are further increased and high levels correlate with disease severity and mortality (Pralong et al., 1989; Kinasewitz et al., 2004; Madoiwa et al., 2006; Lorente et al., 2014; Hoppensteadt et al., 2015; Hoshino et al., 2017; Tipoe et al., 2018; Hoshino et al., 2020; Zwischenberger et al., 2021).