Here, transcriptional profiling by scRNA-seq in one of these models at a stage prior to overt CD8 T cell exclusion revealed that Activin-A first enriched a population of monocytes and macrophages (MonoMacs) at the expense of neutrophils, coinciding with prominent transcriptional changes within the cancer cells themselves, DC, MonoMacs, and fibroblast populations. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is cancer.