IFNA1 and cancer: Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of these DEGs showed that the hallmark signatures IFN Responses, Allograft Rejection, JAK/STAT3 signaling, and Inflammatory Response were specifically upregulated by IFN-γ (Figure 6A), whereas treatment with Activin-A alone instead stimulated the cancer hallmark signatures of EMT, angiogenesis, and hypoxia, alongside a “TGF-β signaling” signature genes (Figure 6B).