SIRT1 and atherosclerosis: The results showed that the combination of leucine and low dose nicotinic acid increased AMPK and SIRT1 in adipocytes and myotubes, reduced lipid accumulation and increased median survival in C. elegans, and improved lipid metabolism, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis in mice, suggesting that the combination of leucine and nicotinic acid may be a potential alternative therapy for hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 axis (Bruckbauer et al., 2017).