HMGA2 and lung carcinoma: In past studies, abnormally high expression of HMGA2 has been observed in a variety of human cancers, such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (19),breast cancer (21), lung cancer (19), Thyroid cancer (22), melanoma (23), Colon cancer (24), Ovarian cancer (25, 26), bladder cancer (17) and other malignant tumors.