More intricate research has indicated that ancestral exposure to BPA can induce PCOS-like phenotypes in subsequent unexposed generations by activating cancerous pathways, altering arginine-proline metabolism, insulin signaling, AMPK, HOTAIR regulatory pathways, as well as modulating the upstream regulators ESR1 and TGF signaling in the ovary (97). This evidence concerns the gene INS and polycystic ovary syndrome.