CSF1R and neoplasm: High expression of CSF-1R in tumor tissues or serum of patients with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, etc., was found to be closely associated with poor prognosis.13, 14, 15, 16 It has been postulated that CSF-1 secreted by tumor cells binds to CSF-1R to recruit macrophages into the TME and differentiate into TAMs, which are involved in tumor cell growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression.17