In clinical studies on CSF-1R expression, it has been found that in various solid tumors, such as pancreatic and breast cancers, as well as hematologic malignancies, such as classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, up-regulation of CSF-1R expression leads to a regulatory imbalance of normal cells that promotes tumorigenesis and progression. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is breast carcinoma.