Genes related to inflammatory response (CXCL8, AQP9, INHBA, IL1B, CXCL6, and IL6) were upregulated in CD compared with non-IBD, while genes related to DNA repair (MPC2, VPS28, EDF1, ALYREF, and PCNA) and oxidative phosphorylation (IDH3B, ATP5MC1, ATP5ME, MRPL11, COX7C, and PHB2) were downregulated. Here, EDF1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.