MDN1 and neoplasm: The primary endpoints included the different biomarkers for tumor diagnosis (COL12A1, THBS2, S100A8, and S100A9), the initial response prediction of the first treatment (RRAS2, MMP8, FBLN1, RPTOR, and IMPDH2), as well as the longitudinal response prediction of the multi-course treatment (IDH3G, MDN1, KLC4, MYL9, SBF1, and HTRA3).