IL23R and pancreatic neoplasm: ,120 However, comparison of findings from this Mendelian randomization analysis to these preclinical studies can be complicated by the restriction of the former to evaluation of the effect of interleukin-23 receptor concentrations on pancreatic cancer onset while the latter evaluated the role of interleukin-23 in later stages of tumorigenesis (i.e., tumour growth and metastasis).