Elevated levels of astrocytic TRPV4 channels in AD brains are implicated in Ca2+ mediated astrogliosis, ROS production, and increases in IL-1β, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 that induces inflammatory BBB damaging response [205]. Here, NOS2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.