Importantly for future developments in the field of novel agents for MDS, the herein used single-cell platform can incorporate those surface proteins where current clinical trials are underway and, in this manner, programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and ligand, CTLA4, TIM-3, CSF1R, or CD47 are amenable candidates (20). The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.