Epileptic seizures, one of the co-morbidities of AD, also raise levels of neuronal and astrocytic LILRB2 and PIRB [115]; in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model, PIRB levels go up more than 2-fold, peak at 7 days post seizure but remain at stably elevated level for at least 60 days [115]. Here, LILRB1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.