ACE and atrial fibrillation: In PHFS, participants in higher tertiles of NT-proBNP were more likely to be older, exhibited a lower BMI, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), more advanced NYHA functional class, higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, history of coronary revascularization, warfarin use and lower prevalence of ACE inhibitor and ARB use (Table 1).