According to current literature, the major pathways responsible for the metastatic progression and malignant transformation of brain cancers, in general, are RAS–MAPK pathway, janus kinase–signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway, phosphatidyl inositol‐3 kinase–Akt (P13K–Akt) pathway, sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway and wingless‐related integration sites (WNT) pathways (Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and brain cancer.