While Th1 cells already accounted for 11.8% of CD4 T cells in age-matched healthy controls with an increase to 20.6% in GCA patients, Th17 cells in controls were only marginal with 0.03% to 0.59% and increased in GCA patients 8-fold, making up to 5.3% of CD4 T cells in individual cases. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is temporal arteritis.