Interestingly, this CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis has been identified as a deregulated pathway associated with various tumors, including multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), playing a crucial role in the cross-talk between cancer cells and the TME (106, 107). Here, CX3CL1 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.