CD8A and non-small cell lung carcinoma: ,34,50 Using the TIME-EMS models, we demonstrated that reprogramming TME by VentX-modulated-TAMs (VentX-TAMs) enhance the reinvigoration of CD8 T cells and the cytocidal effects of PD-1 antibody against NSCLC approximately 4-fold, but not the cytocidal effects on normal lung epithelial cells (Figure 4).