TNF and neoplasm: Moreover, there are many growth factors involved in tumor angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), angiogenin (Ang), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), TNF-α and placental growth factor (PLGF) (Al-Ostoot et al., 2021).