Figure 4 displays their role in glucose control. In the small intestine, SGLT1 transports sodium and glucose using a 2:1 stoichiometry. In the kidney, SGLT2 transports sodium and glucose using a 1:1 stoichiometry (Sano et al., 2020). SGLT2 and SGLT1 have been extensively researched for their pathophysiological roles in diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease (Wright et al., 2011; Nishimura et al., 2022). Here, SLC5A1 is linked to stage 5 chronic kidney disease.