SPP1 and Alzheimer disease: These proteins included Galectin-3, a known pro-inflammatory modulator that acts through Trem2 [63], SPP1/osteopontin, which is involved in wound repair and has been recently implicated in AD risk and identified as one of a multitude of molecular markers for activated response microglia [64], and CD137, which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is implicated in apoptosis of oligodendrocytes [65].