Mutations in CD8B were associated with an increased lung cancer risk (OR = 3.2477, 95% CI: 1.0978–9.6079), while mutations in TRGV9 were linked to a reduced risk (OR = 0.3977, 95% CI: 0.2313–0.6837) (Fig. 8a). This evidence concerns the gene TRGV9 and lung carcinoma.