Investigation of the underlying mechanism showed that microbiota-derived acetate enhanced UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis and O-GlcNAcylation, and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1) at T279 promoted the proliferation of tumor cells and HCC progression in the DEN + CCl4-induced HCC mouse model [200]. Here, EEF1A1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.