FAP and hydrops fetalis: We found that the mean plasma FAP values from the acute HF patients were lower (22.58 ± 10.65 ng/ml) than those from the healthy controls (31.79 ± 4.83 ng/ml; p < 0.05), while there were no significant differences between plasma FAP levels of chronic HF patients (28.66 ± 5.36 ng/ml) (Fig. 5A).