In contrast to UPF1 overexpression, which inhibited the growth of various HCC cell lines, UPF1 depletion facilitated the growth of HCC cell lines (Huh7, SNU-354, and PLC/PRF/5; Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5 had a p53 mutation, but SNU-354 had wild-type p53) (Supplementary Fig. 1a). This evidence concerns the gene UPF1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.