Flow cytometry data indicated a substantial increase in the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both the tumor and peripheral blood, along with heightened expression of activation and proliferation markers (IFN-γ+, Ki67+, and Granzyme+), particularly within 4T1 tumor tissues following sgPik3cg-DHP/DGA-NVs treatment (Fig. 8e and Supplementary Figs. 30b and 31). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.