A vast number of studies have shown that soluble oligomers of amyloid-β, α-synuclein, tau, and TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) are the toxic species that appear before disease onset and are one of the main drivers of other neurodegenerative diseases (14, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.