We performed antigen retrieval followed by pre-expansion immunostaining against microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2, a neuronal dendritic marker) (36), and the intermediate filament protein vimentin (37–39), on normal human hippocampus (Fig. 2A) and on high-grade glioma tissues (located in the human cortex or white matter) (Fig. 2B), respectively. Here, VIM is linked to central nervous system cancer.