Additionally, the etiology of CRC is intimately linked to the PVT1-miR-16-5p/VEGFA/VEGFR1/AKT axis: Upregulation of PVT1 results in the downregulation of miR-16-5p, which increases the levels of VEGFA and inhibits the activity of VEGFR1 and AKT [70]. Here, PVT1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.