The depletion of CD4+ T cells of the Th1 subtype and CD8+ T cells with cytotoxic activity, accompanied by a shift towards Th2 T cells, as well as the shift of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) towards the M2 phenotype associated with immunosuppression, are associated with immune suppression and an unfavorable TME (78, 81, 82). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.