The activation of TLR4 mediated MyD88-dependent pathway subsequently activates several pro-oncogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling mechanisms in cancer cells that include the Raf1/MEPK/MAPK pathway (associated with cell survival) and the IRAK/TRAF/NFκB pathway (associated with the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) [86, 98] [Fig. 11-(2)]. The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is cancer.