PTX intervention effectively blocks the MyD88-dependent and independent cancer-promoting TLR4 mechanisms and trigger apoptosis (via upregulation of pro-apoptotic BAX/BAK and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2), reduce chronic inflammation, and activate several immunomodulatory tumor combating effects of PTX (Figs. 11-(3) and 12) [33, 86]. The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is cancer.