PDX1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: To further investigate the changes in the expression of tRF-GluCTC during different stages of PDAC development, including acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and mouse pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPanIN), we used the Kras-mediated mouse model of spontaneous pancreatic cancer in LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx1-Cre (KC) mice, as well as LSLKrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice (Supplementary Fig. 2E).