Clinically, key inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) are clearly elevated during and associated with the severity of sepsis13, 14, 15, 16 but most notably have an inverse correlation with serum cholesterol levels in patients with sepsis and septic shock.17, 18, 19 In addition, there are numerous clinical observational studies reporting inverse associations between serum cholesterol levels and mortality in critically ill adults, mainly focused on sepsis.17 The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is Shock.