GPS1 and neoplasm: GPS1 is involved in the development of many diseases including tumors (Cayli et al. 2012; Bech-Otschir et al. 2001), in vitro experiments revealed that down-regulation of GPS1 expression in ESCC cells significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells (Xiong et al. 2023), and gene microarray assay revealed that GPS1 expression was significantly higher in gliomas than in non-tumor tissues (Scrideli et al. 2008), and whole-genome sequencing revealed that GPS1 was mutated in penile squamous cell carcinoma (Feber et al. 2016).