Consistent with our findings, a study examining data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, including a total of 9024 participants aged 25–74 years, indicated that men and postmenopausal women with ID without anemia had a fivefold and those with IDA a 31-fold increased risk of GI cancer compared with individuals with normal Hb and TSAT levels (Kato et al. 1999). Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia.