Studies on CIN differ from the marker used for the renal function (e.g., SCr, cystatine, and lipocalins), biochemical indicators (serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate), the day of measuring the initial pre-procedural creatinine and the one after the procedure (24-48/72 hours or up to five to seven days), and the absolute or relative increase in creatinine to define CIN. The gene discussed is CST4; the disease is cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.