Meanwhile, we will explore the predictive value of PD-L1 expression, dynamic changes in inflammatory factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and longitudinal liquid biopsy biomarker testing, such as circulating free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and blood tumor mutational burden (bTMB). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.