TNF and sarcopenia: Examples include role of chronic inflammation via biochemical pathways mediated by IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α et cetera; hormonal changes with age such as reduced GH, IGF-1, testosterone and oestrogens; mitochondrial dysfunction; accessibility to nutrition and dietary patterns; lifestyle factors such as reduction in physical activity, obesity rates and smoking and last but not least, concurrent metabolic chronic diseases being more prevalent in older adults leading to the onset of sarcopenia [57–59].