AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: In conclusion, by including and analyzing the association between prognostic‐related factors and MVI in a total of 1633 patients treated surgically for HCC in four treatment centers, our study found that hepatocirrhosis, AFP‐positive (AFP ≥20 ng/mL), tumor diameter >50 mm, and LMR ≤3.4 were strongly associated with the development of MVI, and also demonstrated that the long‐term prognosis and early relapse of HCC patients were both correlated with MVI.