Moreover, glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), which binds to reduced glutathione to catalyze the detoxification of foreign substances, is also considered a metabolic target for gender differences in bladder cancer incidence rates (Hengstler et al., 1998; Karagas et al., 2005; Yu et al., 2017). Here, GSTM1 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.