Similarly, Sal B has been shown to reduce the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) induced by high glucose, leading to the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulating protein kinase and protein kinase B (AKT) activity in rat models of diabetic cardiomyopathy and in cultured HUVECs under hypoxia (142). Here, IGFBP3 is linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy.