In this study, we followed two pediatric patients with AD who had previously failed to respond to conventional treatment and measured their serum Th2-associated chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and serine protease inhibitor squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) 2 levels and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) during the first four weeks of upadacitinib treatment. The gene discussed is CCL17; the disease is Alzheimer disease.