Nevertheless, while we have identified that the NLRP3-inflamamsome can play a role in CD-like colitis, further studies are necessary to confirm linkages between NF-kB and PPAR-α and their influence on inflammasome NLRP3 activation targeted at pharmacologic blockade NF-kB and PPAR-α pathways in relation to the potential anti-inflammatory effect of maqui extract. Here, PPARA is linked to Cowden disease.