ERN1 and cystic fibrosis: Because all these components are important downstream players in maladaptive IRE1 signaling, expanding this work could clarify how the UPR may orchestrate pathways leading to CF apoptosis (Wang and Ron, 1996; Griffiths et al., 2001; Zong et al., 2001; Hitomi et al., 2004; Kato et al., 2012; Parra-Flores et al., 2021).