The increased expression of TIMP1, TGFβ, VEGF, and β-catenin after this time point reinforced an enhancement of the inflammation–fibrosis pathway after an AKI, especially after a hypoxia-related injury (Cai et al., 2008; Gu et al., 2020; Miao et al., 2022). Here, TIMP1 is linked to acute kidney injury.