TGF‐β1 was easily detectable in most brains while amounts of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 were more variable.TNF‐α was significantly higher in NCI AIDS patients, while IL‐1β tended to be lower.No differences between the NCI and NCN AIDS groups were detected for IFN‐γ, IL‐6, TGF‐β1, or TGF‐ β2.IL‐2, MIG‐2 and IL‐10 transcripts were undetectable in all brains.IL‐4 transcripts were undetectable in the brains of NCI PLWH but were detected in the brains of many CN and control subjects. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is AIDS.