In addition, hypertension (71.9 vs. 57.6%), chronic kidney disease (24.3 vs. 11.4%), cardiovascular disease (11.2 vs. 6.1%), diabetes mellitus with longer duration (five years or longer, 50.2 vs. 33.9%), and diabetes mellitus with insulin use or multiple oral hypoglycemic agent use (three or more, 21.6 vs. 15.0%) were more frequent in patients who experienced SCA during follow-up. This evidence concerns the gene INS and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia.