TARDBP and lung carcinoma: In recent years, TDP-43 has emerged as a vital factor in the advancement of malignant tumors, including breast cancer (Ke et al. 2018; Guo et al. 2022), lung cancer (Yang et al. 2020; Guo et al. 2015; Chen et al. 2018), melanoma (Zeng et al. 2017), liver cancer (Liu et al. 2022), and ovarian cancer (He et al. 2023).