Against the WHO recommendation [1], broad-spectrum 3rd generation cephalosporins have long been used in India as a first choice in empiric antibiotic treatment for the respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, and gonococcal infections, as well as for enteric fever; and have consequently become largely ineffective against infections of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae [3, 4]. This evidence concerns the gene LACTB and infection.