As documented in Fig. 1A, MDM4 was significantly overexpressed in 15 common cancers: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), Rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), Stomach and Esophageal carcinoma (STES), Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), Pan-kidney cohort (KIPAN), Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL). This evidence concerns the gene MDM4 and cholangiocarcinoma.